How shared folders work

My laptop normally uses a password to log in . My questions are if you share a folder , 1.can anyone access the file anonymously without you knowing?
2.will he be prompted to enter my password?
3.is there a notification that tells you someone has connected to your network?
4. Must the other user be connected to my network to access my shared files? Can he access the files without being connected to my network if we are both online?

Another thing my network sharing is wireless. So what is the wireless range if I setup an adhoc network?

1. For a network share, anybody on that network would have access. If that machine has not been admitted to the network they can't.

2. He would not be prompted for a password.

3. No.

4. Yes, he has to be a member of your network.

If you have file and printer sharing turned off, you can move a file to the shared folder for others in the network to access it.

The range of an adhoc network would be the same as a normal network.

If you have a wireless network it is wise to password protect it to prevent outsiders from using it unless you want it used as an Internet access point. Some wireless routers have the capability of dual access where you can password protect your network and have "Guest" access that outsiders can use.