Protein is broken down in your digestive system into liquids that can be absorbed into your blood and distriibuted to the cells in your body. While the solid part of food typically remains in your system from 18 to 24 hours, the effects of the liquid distribution on the cells may last for many days.
For nutrients to make any signifigant change in your body, it takes a lot more than one serving. It's the cumlative effect over time that increases body mass. Also, if you're using the products you describe above, understand that overdosing can produce harmful effects. As with medicine, follow the recommended dosage carefully.