The UNIX server I deal with uses the CHMOD system. I'm not sure if that's universal.
Files and folders can be set for Users, Groups and Owners. Each of them can be set for Read, Write or Execute. They are combined into a three digit number based on 4 for read, 2 for write, 1 for execute.
The following example would produce a CHMOD value of 755
User: r-w-x = 4 + 2 + 1 = 7
Group: r-x = 4 + 0 + 1 = 5
Owner: r-x = 4 + 0 + 1 = 5